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This is a long-needed general introduction to the physics and chemistry of the liquid-vapor phase transition of metals. Physicists and physical chemists have made great strides understanding the basic principles involved, and engineers have discovered a wide variety of new uses for fluid metals. Yet there has been no book that brings together the latest ideas and findings in the field or that bridges the conceptual gap between the condensed-matter physics relevant to a dense metallic liquid and the molecular chemistry relevant to a dilute atomic vapor. Friedrich Hensel and William Warren seek to change that here. They draw on cutting-edge research and data from carefully selected fluid-metal systems as they strive to develop a rigorous theoretical approach to predict the thermodynamic behavior of fluid metals over the entire liquid-vapor range.This book will appeal to theoreticians interested in metal-nonmetal transitions or continuous phase transitions in general. It will also be of great value to those who need to understand the practical applications of fluid metals, for example, as a high-temperature working fluid or as a key component of semiconductor manufacturing.Originally published in 1999.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Liquid metals. --- Molten metals --- Liquids --- Metals --- Liquid metals

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Environmental concerns have led to numerous regulations that have dramatically decreased the reported production and use of mercury in the United States since the 1980s. Government legislation and subsequent industry actions have led to increased collection of mercury-containing materials and the recovery of mercury through recycling. Mercury emissions have been reduced and effective alternatives to mercury products have been developed for many applications. This book updates and quantifies the changes in demand, supply, use, and material flow for mercury in various sectors in the United States.

Mercury --- Hydrargyrum --- Quicksilver --- Liquid metals

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Precious metals are a class of metals deemed rare or highly valued, such as gold, silver, palladium, and platinum. Such metals can be bought and sold in the form of bullion bars, ingots, or coins. Due to the size and weight of the goods, investment firms typically transfer the title of the metal instead of the metal itself, which often remains in storage under the care of the firm or its affiliates. Like all commodities, the price of precious metals fluctuates. Still, the metals are perceived to be the safest form of investment, as they can be less volatile than the stock market. This book dis

Precious metals --- Bullion --- Noble metals --- Metals --- Mines and mineral resources --- E-books --- China --- Economic conditions

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Plants have a very specific and efficient mechanism to obtain, translocate and store nutrients from the surrounding environment. The precise mechanism that helps a plant in nutrient translocation from root to shoot also, in the same way, transfers and stores toxic metals within their structure. Metal toxicity generally causes multiple direct or indirect effects on plants, affecting nearly all of their physiological functions. Plant tolerance to heavy metals depends largely on plant efficiency in uptake, translocation and sequestration of heavy metals in specific cell organelles or specialized

Phytoremediation. --- Plants --- Heavy metals --- Plants, Effect of heavy metals on --- Heavy-metal tolerant plants --- Vegetation-based remediation --- Vegetative bioremediation --- Bioremediation --- Effect of heavy metals on. --- Environmental aspects. --- Physiological effect --- Effect of metals on

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- Metals -Special topic volume.

Metals --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy --- Ductility.